Bootstrap 4 Utilità


Bootstrap 4 Utilità

Bootstrap 4 ha molte classi di utilità/helper per definire rapidamente gli elementi senza utilizzare alcun codice CSS.


frontiere

Usa le borderclassi per aggiungere o rimuovere bordi da un elemento:

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<span class="border"></span>
<span class="border border-0"></span>
<span class="border border-top-0"></span>
<span class="border border-right-0"></span>
<span class="border border-bottom-0"></span>
<span class="border border-left-0"></span>

Colore del bordo

Aggiungi un colore al bordo con una qualsiasi delle classi contestuali di colore del bordo:

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<span class="border border-primary"></span>
<span class="border border-secondary"></span>
<span class="border border-success"></span>
<span class="border border-danger"></span>
<span class="border border-warning"></span>
<span class="border border-info"></span>
<span class="border border-light"></span>
<span class="border border-dark"></span>
<span class="border border-white"></span>

Raggio di confine

Aggiungi angoli arrotondati a un elemento con le roundedclassi:

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<span class="rounded-sm"></span>
<span class="rounded"></span>
<span class="rounded-lg"></span>
<span class="rounded-top"></span>
<span class="rounded-right"></span>
<span class="rounded-bottom"></span>
<span class="rounded-left"></span>
<span class="rounded-circle"></span>
<span class="rounded-0"></span>


Float e Clearfix

Porta un elemento a destra con la .float-rightclasse o a sinistra con .float-left, e cancella i float con la .clearfixclasse:

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Float left Float right

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<div class="clearfix">
  <span class="float-left">Float left</span>
  <span class="float-right">Float right</span>
</div>

Galleggianti reattivi

Sposta un elemento a sinistra o a destra a seconda della larghezza dello schermo, con le classi float reattive ( .float-*-left|right- dove * è sm(>=576px), md(>=768px), lg(>=992px) o xl(>=1200px)):

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Float right on small screens or wider

Float right on medium screens or wider

Float right on large screens or wider

Float right on extra large screens or wider

Float none

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<div class="float-sm-right">Float right on small screens or wider</div><br>
<div class="float-md-right">Float right on medium screens or wider</div><br>
<div class="float-lg-right">Float right on large screens or wider</div><br>
<div class="float-xl-right">Float right on extra large screens or wider</div><br>
<div class="float-none">Float none</div>

Allinea al centro

Centrare un elemento con la .mx-autoclasse (aggiunge margine sinistro e margine destro: auto):

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Centered

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<div class="mx-auto bg-warning" style="width:150px">Centered</div>

Larghezza

Imposta la larghezza di un elemento con le classi w-* ( .w-25, .w-50, .w-75, .w-100, .mw-100):

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Width 25%
Width 50%
Width 75%
Width 100%
Max Width 100%

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<div class="w-25 bg-warning">Width 25%</div>
<div class="w-50 bg-warning">Width 50%</div>
<div class="w-75 bg-warning">Width 75%</div>
<div class="w-100 bg-warning">Width 100%</div>
<div class="mw-100 bg-warning">Max Width 100%</div>

Altezza

Imposta l'altezza di un elemento con le classi h-* ( .h-25, .h-50, .h-75, .h-100, .mh-100):

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Height 25%
Height 50%
Height 75%
Height 100%
Max Height 100%

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<div style="height:200px;background-color:#ddd">
  <div class="h-25 bg-warning">Height 25%</div>
  <div class="h-50 bg-warning">Height 50%</div>
  <div class="h-75 bg-warning">Height 75%</div>
  <div class="h-100 bg-warning">Height 100%</div>
  <div class="mh-100 bg-warning" style="height:500px">Max Height 100%</div>
</div>

Spaziatura

Bootstrap 4 ha un'ampia gamma di classi di utilità di riempimento e margini reattivi. Funzionano per tutti i punti di interruzione: xs(<=576px), sm(>=576px), md(>=768px), lg(>=992px) o xl(>=1200px)):

Le classi vengono utilizzate nel formato: {property}{sides}-{size}for xse {property}{sides}-{breakpoint}-{size}for sm, md, lge xl.

Dove la proprietà è una di:

  • m - imposta margin
  • p - imposta padding

Dove i lati è uno di:

  • t- imposta margin-topopadding-top
  • b- imposta margin-bottomopadding-bottom
  • l- imposta margin-leftopadding-left
  • r- imposta margin-rightopadding-right
  • x- imposta entrambi padding-lefte padding-righto margin-leftemargin-right
  • y- imposta entrambi padding-tope padding-bottomo margin-topemargin-bottom
  • vuoto - imposta a margino paddingsu tutti e 4 i lati dell'elemento

Dove la dimensione è una di:

  • 0- imposta margino paddinga0
  • 1- imposta margino paddingsu .25rem(4px se la dimensione del carattere è 16px)
  • 2- imposta margino paddingsu .5rem(8px se la dimensione del carattere è 16px)
  • 3- imposta margino paddingsu 1rem(16px se la dimensione del carattere è 16px)
  • 4- imposta margino paddingsu 1.5rem(24px se la dimensione del carattere è 16px)
  • 5- imposta margino paddingsu 3rem(48px se la dimensione del carattere è 16px)
  • auto- imposta marginsu automatico

Nota: i margini possono anche essere negativi, aggiungendo una "n" davanti alla dimensione :

  • n1- imposta marginsu -.25rem(-4px se la dimensione del carattere è 16px)
  • n2- imposta marginsu -.5rem(-8px se la dimensione del carattere è 16px)
  • n3- imposta marginsu -1rem(-16px se la dimensione del carattere è 16px)
  • n4- imposta marginsu -1.5rem(-24px se la dimensione del carattere è 16px)
  • n5- imposta marginsu -3rem(-48px se la dimensione del carattere è 16px)

Esempio

I only have a top padding (1.5rem = 24px)
I have a padding on all sides (3rem = 48px)
I have a margin on all sides (3rem = 48px) and a bottom padding (3rem = 48px)

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<div class="pt-4 bg-warning">I only have a top padding (1.5rem = 24px)</div>
<div class="p-5 bg-success">I have a padding on all sides (3rem = 48px)</div>
<div class="m-5 pb-5 bg-info">I have a margin on all sides (3rem = 48px) and a bottom padding (3rem = 48px)</div>

Altri esempi di spaziatura

.m-# / m-*-# margine su tutti i lati
.mt-# / mt-*-# margine superiore
.mb-# / mb-*-# margine inferiore
.ml-# / ml-*-# margine sinistro
.mr-# / mr-*-# margine a destra
.mx-# / mx-*-# margine sinistro e destro
.my-# / my-*-# margine superiore e inferiore
.p-# / p-*-# imbottitura su tutti i lati
.pt-# / pt-*-# parte superiore imbottita
.pb-# / pb-*-# fondo imbottito
.pl-# / pl-*-# imbottitura a sinistra
.pr-# / pr-*-# imbottitura a destra
.py-# / py-*-# imbottitura superiore e inferiore
.px-# / px-*-# riempimento a sinistra e a destra

Ombre

Usa le shadow-classi per aggiungere ombre a un elemento:

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No shadow
Small shadow
Default shadow
Large shadow

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<div class="shadow-none p-4 mb-4 bg-light">No shadow</div>
<div class="shadow-sm p-4 mb-4 bg-white">Small shadow</div>
<div class="shadow p-4 mb-4 bg-white">Default shadow</div>
<div class="shadow-lg p-4 mb-4 bg-white">Large shadow</div>

Allineamento verticale

Usa le align-classi per modificare l'allineamento degli elementi (funziona solo su elementi inline, inline-block, inline-table e table cell):

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baseline top middle bottom text-top text-bottom

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<span class="align-baseline">baseline</span>
<span class="align-top">top</span>
<span class="align-middle">middle</span>
<span class="align-bottom">bottom</span>
<span class="align-text-top">text-top</span>
<span class="align-text-bottom">text-bottom</span>

Incorporamenti reattivi

Crea incorporamenti di video reattivi o presentazioni in base alla larghezza del genitore.

Aggiungi .embed-responsive-itema qualsiasi elemento da incorporare (come <iframe> o <video>) in un elemento genitore con .embed-responsivee proporzioni a tua scelta:

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<!-- 21:9 aspect ratio -->
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-21by9">
  <iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="..."></iframe>
</div>

<!-- 16:9 aspect ratio -->
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9">
  <iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="..."></iframe>
</div>

<!-- 4:3 aspect ratio -->
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-4by3">
  <iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="..."></iframe>
</div>

<!-- 1:1 aspect ratio -->
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-1by1">
  <iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="..."></iframe>
</div>

Visibilità

Utilizzare le classi .visibleo per controllare la visibilità degli elementi. Nota: queste classi non modificano il valore di visualizzazione CSS. Aggiungono solo o :.invisiblevisibility:visiblevisibility:hidden

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I am visible

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<div class="visible">I am visible</div>
<div class="invisible">I am invisible</div>

Posizione

Usa la .fixed-topclasse per rendere fisso/rimanere qualsiasi elemento nella parte superiore della pagina:

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<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm bg-dark navbar-dark fixed-top">
  ...
</nav>

Use the .fixed-bottom class to make any element fixed/stay at the bottom of the page:

Example

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm bg-dark navbar-dark fixed-bottom">
  ...
</nav>

Use the .sticky-top class to make any element fixed/stay at the top of the page when you scroll past it. Note: This class does not work in IE11 and earlier (will treat it as position:relative).

Example

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm bg-dark navbar-dark sticky-top">
  ...
</nav>

Close icon

Use the .close class to style a close icon. This is often used for alerts and modals. Note that we use the &times; symbol to create the actual icon (a better looking "x"). Also note that it floats right by default:

Example

Example

<button type="button" class="close">&times;</button>

Screenreaders

Use the .sr-only class to hide an element on all devices, except screen readers:

Example

<span class="sr-only">I will be hidden on all screens except for screen readers.</span>

Colors

As described in the Colors chapter, here is a list of all text and background color classes:

The classes for text colors are: .text-muted, .text-primary, .text-success, .text-info, .text-warning, .text-danger, .text-secondary, .text-white, .text-dark, .text-body (default body color/often black) and .text-light:

Example

This text is muted.

This text is important.

This text indicates success.

This text represents some information.

This text represents a warning.

This text represents danger.

Secondary text.

Dark grey text.

Body text.

Light grey text.

Contextual text classes can also be used on links, which will add a darker hover color:

You can also add 50% opacity for black or white text with the .text-black-50 or .text-white-50 classes:

Example

Black text with 50% opacity on white background

White text with 50% opacity on black background


Background Colors

The classes for background colors are: .bg-primary, .bg-success, .bg-info, .bg-warning, .bg-danger, .bg-secondary, .bg-dark and .bg-light.

Note that background colors do not set the text color, so in some cases you'll want to use them together with a .text-* class.

Example

This text is important.

This text indicates success.

This text represents some information.

This text represents a warning.

This text represents danger.

Secondary background color.

Dark grey background color.

Light grey background color.


Typography/Text Classes

As described in the Typography chapter, here is a list of all typography/text classes:

Class Description Example
.display-* Display headings are used to stand out more than normal headings (larger font-size and lighter font-weight), and there are four classes to choose from: .display-1, .display-2, .display-3, .display-4
.font-weight-bold Bold text
.font-weight-bolder Bolder bold text
.font-weight-normal Normal text
.font-weight-light Light weight text
.font-weight-lighter Lighter weight text
.font-italic Italic text
.lead Makes a paragraph stand out
.small Indicates smaller text (set to 85% of the size of the parent)
.text-break Prevents long text from breaking layout
.text-center Indicates center-aligned text
.text-decoration-none Removes the underline from a link
.text-left Indicates left-aligned text
.text-justify Indicates justified text
.text-monospace Monospaced text
.text-nowrap Indicates no wrap text
.text-lowercase Indicates lowercased text
.text-reset Resets the color of a text or a link (inherits the color from its parent)
.text-right Indicates right-aligned text
.text-uppercase Indicates uppercased text
.text-capitalize Indicates capitalized text
.initialism Displays the text inside an <abbr> element in a slightly smaller font size
.list-unstyled Removes the default list-style and left margin on list items (works on both <ul> and <ol>). This class only applies to immediate children list items (to remove the default list-style from any nested lists, apply this class to any nested lists as well)
.list-inline Places all list items on a single line (used together with .list-inline-item on each <li> elements)
.pre-scrollable Makes a <pre> element scrollable

Block Elements

To make an element into a block element, add the .d-block class. Use any of the d-*-block classes to control WHEN the element should be a block element on a specific screen width:

Example

d-block d-sm-block d-md-block d-lg-block d-xl-block

Example

<span class="d-block bg-success">d-block</span>
<span class="d-sm-block bg-success">d-sm-block</span>
<span class="d-md-block bg-success">d-md-block</span>
<span class="d-lg-block bg-success">d-lg-block</span>
<span class="d-xl-block bg-success">d-xl-block</span>

Other Display Classes

Other display classes are also available:

Class Description Example
.d-none Hides an element
.d-*-none Hides an element on a specific screen size
.d-inline Makes an element inline
.d-*-inline Makes an element inline on a specific screen size
.d-inline-block Makes an element inline block
.d-*-inline-block Makes an element inline block on a specific screen size
.d-table Makes an element display as a table
.d-*-table Makes an element display as a table on a specific screen size
.d-table-cell Makes an element display as a table cell
.d-*-table-cell Makes an element display as a table cell on a specific screen size
.d-table-row Makes an element display as a table row
.d-*-table-row Makes an element display as a table row on a specific screen size
.d-flex Creates a flexbox container and transforms direct children into flex items
.d-*-flex Creates a flexbox container on a specific screen size
.d-inline-flex Creates an inline flexbox container
.d-*-inline-flex Creates an inline flexbox container on a specific screen size

Flex

Use .flex-* classes to control the layout with flexbox.

Read more about Bootstrap 4 Flex, in our next chapter.

Example

Horizontal:

Flex item 1
Flex item 2
Flex item 3
Flex item 1
Flex item 2
Flex item 3

Vertical:

Flex item 1
Flex item 2
Flex item 3
Flex item 1
Flex item 2
Flex item 3